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@TheGoldenLegend

Ok, here something else. The perfect killing plant .:D

Hemlock/Cicuta

Info about plant-
All members of Cicuta except C. bulbifera contain high levels of the poisonous principle cicutoxin, an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol that is structurally closely related to the toxin oenanthotoxin found in the plant hemlock water dropwort. Its primary toxic effect is to act as a stimulant in the central nervous system. It is a non-competitive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist.
The exact toxic dose of plant material in humans is unknown; it is thought ingestion of water hemlock in any quantity can result in poisoning and very small amounts may lead to death. Intoxication has also been reported following skin contact with the plant; a case was reported where a family of five people rubbed the plant onto the skin and were poisoned, with two children dying. Roots exposed by ploughing can also be the source of livestock poisonings Ingestion of plant material may cause death in the animal in as little as 15 minutes

Symptoms

The onset of symptoms following ingestion may be as soon as 15 minutes post ingestion. Nausea, Seizures, vomiting, abdominal pain, tremors, confusion, weakness, dizziness, and drowsiness;Complications of ongoing seizure activity include increased body temperature, decreases in the pH of the blood (metabolic acidosis), swelling in the brain, blood coagulation disorders, muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis), and kidney failure. Additional neurological symptoms may include hallucinations, delirium, tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin, dilated pupils, and coma. Cardiovascular symptoms include alternating slow or fast heart rate and alternating low and high blood pressure. Other cardiac effects may include ECG (Electrocardiography) abnormalities such as widening of the PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Symptoms of excess salivation, wheezing, respiratory distress, and absence of breathing have also been reported.

Deaths usually occur from respiratory failure or ventricular fibrillation secondary to ongoing seizure activity; fatalities have occurred within a few hours of ingestion. Poisoned people who recover usually regain consciousness and seizures cease within 24 to 48 hours of poisoning, although seizures may persist for up to 96 hours.There are occasional long-term effects such as retrograde amnesia of the events leading to intoxication and the intoxication itself. Other ongoing mild effects may include restlessness, muscle weakness, twitching, and anxiety. Complete resolution of symptoms may take a number of days or, in some cases, these ongoing symptoms may persist for months after poisoning.

Diagnosis and treatment

Water hemlock poisoning is usually diagnosed following a history of plant ingestion and symptoms of abrupt onset of seizures. Laboratory tests to determine the presence of cicutoxin in the blood such as spectrofluorimetry, high pressure liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and mass spectrometry have been used to detect cicutoxin but these tests are not performed routinely in hospital laboratories. If a sample of the plant ingested has been retained, diagnosis can be confirmed by having the plant identified by a botanist.
Initial treatment of poisoning may include gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal. There is no specific antidote for water hemlock poisoning and treatment mainly consists of supportive care. Treatment may include control of seizures with the administration of a benzodiazepines such as lorazepam or diazepam, or if seizures are refractory to this treatment, a barbiturate such as phenobarbital is administered. The anticonvulsant phenytoin is not recommended as it has not been shown to be effective for seizure control following water hemlock poisoning. Treatment with high doses of benzodiazepines or barbiturates may cause respiratory depression and respiratory support including intubation and mechanical ventilation is required in these patients. Continuous electroencephalography monitoring is recommended in symptomatic patients.
Further treatment for complications of metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, or low blood pressure may be required. Metabolic acidosis is treated by administering sodium bicarbonate. Low blood pressure is usually treated with intravenous fluid replacement, but the administration of dopamine or norepinephrine may be required to restore blood pressure.The management of rhabdomyolysis includes ensuring adequate hydration and urinary alkalinization; a complication of rhabdomyolysis is acute renal failure which may require management with hemodialysis. However, hemodialysis, hemoperfusion or other extracorporeal techniques do not remove cicutoxin from the blood and are therefore not useful in enhancing elimination.

@TheGoldenLegend

Dendrocnide moroides

Dendrocnide moroides, also known as the stinging brush, mulberry-leaved stinger, gympie gympie, gympie, gympie stinger,[1] stinger, the suicide plant, or moonlighter, is a plant common to rainforest areas in the north east of Australia.[2][3][4] It is best known for stinging hairs that cover the whole plant and deliver a potent neurotoxin when touched. It is the most toxic of the Australian species of stinging trees.[2][4] The fruit is edible if the stinging hairs that cover it are removed.[5]
D. moroides usually grows as a single-stemmed plant reaching 1–3 metres in height. It has large, heart-shaped leaves about 12–22 cm (5–9 in) long and 11–18 cm (4–7 in) wide, with finely toothed margins.
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Toxicity
Contact with the leaves or twigs causes the hollow, silica-tipped hairs to penetrate the skin. The hairs cause an extremely painful stinging sensation that can last anywhere from days to years, and the injured area becomes covered with small, red spots joining together to form a red, swollen welt. The sting is famously agonizing. Ernie Rider, who was slapped in the face and torso with the foliage in 1963, said: [9]
For two or three days the pain was almost unbearable; I couldn’t work or sleep, then it was pretty bad pain for another fortnight or so. The stinging persisted for two years and recurred every time I had a cold shower. … There's nothing to rival it; it's ten times worse than anything else.
However, the sting does not stop several small marsupial species, including the red-legged pademelon, insects and birds from eating the leaves.[6]
Moroidin, a bicyclic octapeptide containing an unusual C-N linkage between tryptophan and histidine, was first isolated from the leaves and stalks of Dendrocnide moroides, and subsequently shown to be the principal compound responsible for the long duration of the stings.[10]

Chemical structure of moroidin, the bicyclic octapeptide responsible for the long-lasting pain caused by Dendrocnide moroides' sting
There has been anecdotal evidence of some plants having no sting, but still possessing the hairs, suggesting a chemical change to the toxin.[11]

@Starfast group

Bumping this thread because I have all this information about Victorian age chimney sweeps and I don't know what to do with it.

  • Chimney sweeps could be as young as 4 years old.
  • The ideal age was more around 6 though because 4 year old were sometimes too weak
  • They all apprenticed under a master sweep, who was usually employed by the parish and was tasked with teaching them the trade
  • Using young children to clean chimneys became popular after the Great Fire of London
  • The chimney flues would merge together and many of them had turns or tight corners that sometimes made it hard for the chimney sweeps to navigate and sometimes they’d go down the wrong one flue (I honestly thought they just went straight up this whole time tbh).
  • They’d use their elbows, knees, and back to climb up (kinda like an inchworm) but this often led to stunted growth and disfigurations due to being in such an unnatural position for such a long time.
  • The coal that was brushed out of the chimneys was sometimes sold to farmers as fertilizer
  • Sometimes when the sweeps got scared and didn’t want to climb up, the master sweep would start a fire, encouraging them climb up faster. This is where the term “To light a fire under someone” originates.

@Shuri-the-Floof-Doggo

Did you guys know, that Stonehenge isn't a calendar for the summer solstice?

My first piece of evidence is that it has hundreds of containers, full of cremated ashes buried under it. This is reminiscent of a burial sight.

Next, is the fact, that a group of British scientists using a backpack-type gadget that analyzes space 3-dimensionally using lasers (and looks suspiciously like a Dalek from Doctor Who), well, they found that axes were carved into the stones. Axes are only carved into, well, burial sites. Seem familiar?

Furthering this connection to burial sites, it was previously thought that the big rectangular space able to be seen through the stones on one side of the stone construct catches the sun of the Summer Solstice. However, scientists found thst two pillars on the opposite side, were carefully constructed to catch the sun on the Winter solstice, which… Again, has to do with death!

And that's not even the most awe-inspiring part. There are two ditches, each leading away into the sunset, that lead to an even bigger henge, which doesn't contain a structure on top of it, but is still a henge. (The henge is the circular ditch carved into the ground. Not the big rocks.)

Stonehenge is believed to be the center of the cosmos, in relation to the people that lived there, where it was built.

@Shuri-the-Floof-Doggo

Quasars are a force to be reckoned with… Here's why…

They are powered by black holes a billion times larger than our Sun.

They are bright enough to eclipse the galaxies that contain them.

Astronomers called them something like "quasi-stellar radio sources," because the signals came from one place, like a star.

They are made by particles going at almost the speed of light.

A single teaspoon of matter, from the jets that they emit, could be heavier thsn most mountains.

Furthermore, this matter is shooting out at near the speed of light.