Thank you for sharing your knowledge on governments! I will definitely read that article - I'm thinking after some research that it might be more helpful for me to work out how the authority in the country is divided, and what the government handles versus what it doesn't, and then find the right label for exactly what it is (which will probably be some form of constitutional monarchy).
I read one world-builder's advice (on StackExchange, I think?) that recommended developing social structures first since a change in power at the top often has very little effect on the peasants. I like the idea of having guilds for different trades (and possibly magics) and merchants (some from other lands), but I'm still working on these ideas. Do you know much about the formation and running of guilds?
So how many people would be in the council at any given time? Would people like Gelenni be sort of like civil servants or assistants to the Seven? What sort of decisions would the council be in charge of making?
I'd say about…. 20-50 people? I know that's a huge margin, but each of the Seven would have at least three assistants (and yes, Gelenni would have been like an assistant to the head plant mage). Because they have experience with magic, they'd be in charge of dealing with magical 'accidents' or crimes, mainly because they know what's possible with magic and also how to track magical use to its user (in some cases). They would also liaise with other areas of government, like finding the right people to complete tasks that need magic for non-magical projects (for example, hiring some good weather mages to keep off rain in the last stages of an aqueduct being built).
I just realised I'm throwing a load of questions your way about a body which isn't even in power anymore during your story (as far as I can tell). Sorry about that.
Don't be! Part of the overarching plot (but not in book 1) might be reinstating the council, although not exactly how it was, so it's helpful for me to know how exactly it worked before so that I have an idea of how it will work after.
What would qualify you to be monitored? Both Lord Rilvan and Ben apparently use magic for their own benefit. Is this with or without the king's consent?
Being a more skilled user of magic who also has an attitude seen as hostile to the king would get you monitored. Fire mages in particular were on the radar, since a lot of damage can be done very quickly with fire. As for Lord Rilvan, he doesn't use magic himself, and initially followed the king's decree, but realised very quickly that his family's way of life was going to be a lot less comfortable. Having the 'best' magic users sent to the mines (which are in his lands) was really too much of a temptation and he has begun 'employing' them covertly. The king does not know of this, and if he did, he would not give consent.
As for Ben, he's not using his magic actively. Each Thread of magic has a side-effect that increases in strength with magic use, and for light magic, this is the ability to see into the liminal (magical) realm. Ben has the very barest glimmer of this side-effect and would rather not use it, but because it's handy for locating recent users of magic, the king wants him to. The only way to strengthen the side-effect is to practice magic actively, but because Ben does not do that, overuse of trying to see into the liminal realm gives him massive headaches. I hope that makes sense.
Reading through your history, I couldn't help but notice some parallels to Biblical history. Is this intentional?
Yes, it is. :) The First Rift is meant to parallel the Fall, and the Second Rift is sort of a combination of further fall-esque events, like the flood, the tower of Babel, people going into exile, etc. That much history probably won't come up in my story, but getting it down was very helpful for integrating how the magic system works and how it has changed over time.
Do the religions you've created have anything to do with theological ideas or am I reading into things here (especially since it does seem to be a polytheistic society with several gods)?
I'm not sure what you mean by this question. Do you mean do my religions have anything to do with Christian theology (if so, some of them, yes) or if there are existing gods/supernatural beings in this world (if so, also yes)? The majority religion in Gàldorë is a polytheistic one, but there are others as well.
Another question - are there Gàldorean month names or are they just referred to by their number?
Aha, yes. :) I just haven't put them in there because I didn't want to go overboard on the made-up words. In Tani's profile I've listed her birth month as Lillondal which roughly translates to 'month of clear sky' as it's the first month of summer. I refer to the Nossin months by number (and the weekdays by number too) because I need a reference separate from any of the different cultures.
Oh and the seasons also seem to parallel those on Earth. Is there any difference between Earth summer and Nossi summer (or any of the other seasons) or do they function exactly the same?
Short answer: no, they're pretty much the same. The major difference between Earth's year cycle and Nossi's is that Nossi's is only 360 days long, and the lunar cycles are exactly 30 days. I did this because I wanted to make it easy for myself to work out the phase of the moon on a given day (and by extent, tides), and it's a lot easier to do that with a predictable calendar that repeats itself every seven years, rather than one that repeats itself every 49 years! (My original draft - yes, I was completely mad.) I've made it hard enough for myself having the Gàldorean calendar be 3 1/2 months off from Nossi's one. (If that is news, search up Doric the Left-Handed on the timeline.) Whyyyy I do this I don't know.